[Cross-sectional study on the use of masks among occupational groups with high-risk positions for overseas import and pollution transmission].

Objective: To investigate the wearing of masks and the knowledge of masks among high-risk positions for overseas import and pollution transmission. Methods: From May 14 to 17, 2022, a convenient sampling method was used to conduct an online survey among 963 workers in high-risk positions for overseas import and pollution transmission in Beijing. The behaviors of individual use and wearing masks, the distribution and supervision of the unit, the knowledge of personal mask protection and the subjective feelings of wearing masks were analyzed. The χ(2) test and logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of the correct selection of masks. Results: The majority of the workers in high-risk positions for overseas import and pollution transmission were male (86.0%, 828/963), age concentration in 18-44 years old (68.2%, 657/963), and the majority of them had college or bachelor degrees (49.4%, 476/963). 79.4%(765/963) of the workers chose the right type of masks, female, 45-59 years old and high school education or above were the risk factors for correct selection of masks (P <0.05). Workers had good behaviors such as wearing/removing masks, but only 10.5% (101/963) could correctly rank the protective effect of different masks. 98.4% (948/963) of the workers believed that their work units had provided masks to their employees, and 99.1% (954/963) and 98.2%(946/963) of them had organized training and supervision on the use of masks, respectively. 47.4%(456/963) of the workers were uncomfortable while wearing masks. Conclusion: The overall selection and use of masks among occupational groups in high-risk positions for overseas import and pollution transmission in China need to be further standardized. It is necessary to strengthen supervision and inspection on the use of masks among occupational groups, and take improvement measures to improve the comfort of wearing masks.

The role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on placebo effect of regulating social pain: A TMS study

Under the influence of the novel coronavirus epidemic, some negative social events, such as separation of family or friends and home isolation have increased. These events can cause negative emotion experiences similar to physical pain, thus they are called social pain. Placebo effect refers to the positive response to the inert treatment with no specific therapeutic properties, which has been shown to be one of the effective ways to alleviate social pain. Studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a key role in placebo effect. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether activating DLPFC by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could improve the ability of placebo effects to regulate social pain. Besides, we also combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques to provide bidirectional evidence for the role of the DLPFC on placebo effects. We recruited a total of 100 participants to finish the task of negative emotional rating of the social exclusion images. Among them, 50 participants were stimulated by TMS at the right DLPFC (rDLPFC), while the others were assigned to the sham group. This study contained two independent variables. The between-subject variable was TMS group (rDLPFC-activated group or sham group) and the within-subject variable was placebo type (no-placebo and placebo). All participants received nasal spray in two blocks. In the no-placebo condition, participants were instructed that they would receive a saline nasal spray which helped to improve physiological readings;in placebo block, participants were told to administrate an intranasal fluoxetine spray (saline nasal spray in fact) that could reduce unpleasantness within 10 minutes. To strengthen the expectation of intranasal fluoxetine, participants viewed a professional introduction to fluoxetine's clinical and academic usage including downregulating negative emotion, such as fear, anxiety, and disgust. Participants who received the placebo block first would be reminded that fluoxetine's effect was over before the next block to reduce the carry-over for the following block. Self-reported negative emotional and electroencephalogram data were recorded. There was a significant two-way interaction of TMS group and placebo type. Results showed that compared with the sham group, participants in the rDLPFC-activated group reported less negative emotional feeling and had a lower amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) in placebo condition, a component that reflects the emotional intensity, suggesting that activating rDLPFC can improve the ability of placebo effect to regulate social pain. The above finding suggested that activating DLPFC can improve the placebo effect of regulating negative emotion. Moreover, this study is the first attempt to investigate the enhancement of placebo effects by using TMS on emotion regulation. The findings not only support the critical role of DLPFC on placebo effect using neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, but also provide a potential brain target for treating emotional regulation deficits in patients with psychiatric disorders. © 2023 WANG Mei.

Sleep quality of first-line medical workers fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan

[Background] Sleep is closely related to immune function and human health, and adequate sleep is an important foundation for human health. [Objective] This study investigates the sleep status of the first-line medical staff in Wuhan in a fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, provides reference for improving the sleep quality of the first-line medical staff in public health emergencies. [Methods] Through convenience sampling, 112 medical workers (first-line group) who aided the COVID-19 fight in Wuhan and 134 medical staff (non-first-line group) who did not participate in the fight were selected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to collect data on the incidence of sleep disorders, time to fall asleep, duration of sleep, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, use of sleep aid, and daytime functions. In addition, a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the common concerns and time allocation characteristics of the first-line medical workers in the context of major infectious disease outbreaks. [Results] There were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic variables such as gender, age, job title, educational background, marriage status, number of children, and working years (P > 0.05). In the first-line group, 62 medical workers (55.36%) reported sleep disorders, while in the non-first-line group, 54 medical workers (40.30%) did;the difference was statistically significant (P=0.008). Among the seven components of the PSQI, the median sleep time (component 3) score of the first-line group was 1.5, which was higher than that of the non-first-line group (median 1.0) (P < 0.001);the median sleep efficiency (component 4) score of the first-line group was 1.0, which was higher than that of the non-first-line group (median 0) (P < 0.001). The actual sleep duration of the first-line group [(5.65+/-1.15) h] was lower than that of the non-first-line group [(7.00+/-1.40) h] (P < 0.001). The distributions of common concerns were different between the two group. The top three concerns were being infected (76.79%), exhausted (37.50%), and overloaded (27.68%) in the first-line group, and family members being infected (53.73%), being infected (45.52%), and child care (33.58%) in the non-first-line group. [Conclusion] The first-line medical team members report poor sleep quality, short sleep time, low sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, and many psychological concerns. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve their sleep quality.Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.

A Literature Review on the Antiviral Mechanism of Luteolin

Background: Viral infections pose some of the most serious human health concerns worldwide. The infections caused by several viruses, including coronavirus, hepatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus, are difficult to treat. Method(s): This review details the findings of a literature search performed on the antiviral properties of luteolin. The keywords engaged in the search are "virus" along with "luteolin." Results: Luteolin possesses antiviral properties, which is the basis for the current review. It is an important natural flavonoid with numerous important biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, and antitumor effects, and is found in vegetables, fruits, and several medicinal plants. Recent studies have revealed that many traditional Chinese medicines that contain luteolin inhibit the replication of coronaviruses. Conclusion(s): Luteolin effectively inhibits the replication of coronavirus, influenza virus, enterovirus, rotavirus, herpes virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, among others. In particular, it prevents viral infection by improving the body's nonspecific immunity and antioxidation capacity and inhibiting many pathways related to virus infection and replication, such as MAPK, PI3K-AKT, TLR4/8, NF-kappaB, Nrf-2/hemeoxygenase-1, and others. It also regulates the expression of some receptors and factors, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, p53, NLRP3, TNF-alpha, and interleukins, thereby interfering with the replication of viruses in cells. Luteolin also promotes the repair of damaged cells induced by proinflammatory factors by regulating the expression of inflammatory molecules. The overall effect of these processes is the reduction in viral replication and, consequently, the viral load. This review summarizes the antiviral effect of luteolin and the mechanism underlying this property.Copyright © The Author(s) 2023.

Investigation of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analysis of influencing factors.

Objective To understand the status of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analyze the influencing factors so as to provide scientific basis for improving the policy of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods The socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related data, disability, and COVID-19 vaccination status of 575 elderly adults who resided in long-term care facilities in Shaanxi Province were collected via Sojumpin in January 2022. Factors that affected non-vaccinated elderly adults were analyzed by using the SPSS 25.0 software. Results Of the included 575 participants, 199 (34. 6%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19. Univariate analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with age, room type, length of stay, marital status, number of children, chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, stroke, dementia), disability degree, and long-term medication use. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of 90 years or above (OR =4. 25), triple room (OR = 6.17), moderate disability (OR = 2. 94), severe disability (OR =6. 67), long-term medication use (OR = 1.81), and stroke (OR =1. 74) were independent risk factors for not injecting COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate of elderly adults in long-term care facilities needs to be improved, and more attention should be paid to the high-risk groups (e.g., who are older, and have disability, long-term medication use, or stroke).Copyright © 2023 Xi'an Medical University. All rights reserved.

Relationship of college students' risk perception of COVID-19 and their anxiety and depression: A moderated mediation model.

Objective To explore the effects of perceived risk of COVID-19 of college students on their anxiety and depression, as well as the roles of attention to negative information and perceived social support, so as to provide theoretical basis for colleges and universities to formulate corresponding intervention measures. Methods By the convenience sampling method, totally 1 404 college students from Shaanxi and Henan provinces were investigated online by using General Information Questionnaire, Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Perceived Social Support Scale. SPSS 20. 0 was used for data analysis, Pearson correlation method was used to explore the correlation between variables. The mediating effect of attention to negative information and the moderating effect of perceived social support were analyzed by PROCESS. Results The scores of anxiety and depression of the 1 404 college students included in the study were 4.03 +/- 4.48 and 6.21 +/- 5.41, respectively. The detection rate of anxiety symptom was 29.9%, and that of depression symptom was 44.4%. The risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic of the college students was positively correlated with attention to negative information (r = 0.373, P<0.001), anxiety (r = 0.227, P<0.001), and depression (r = 0.226, P<0.001). Anxiety (r = 0.553, P<0.001) and depression 0 = 0.497, P<0.001) were positively correlated with attention to negative information, while perceived social support was negatively correlated with the risk perception of the COVID-19 (r = - 0.154, P<0.001), attention to negative information (r= - 0.259, P<0.001), anxiety (r = - 0.321, P<0.001) and depression (r=- 0.278, P<0.001). The risk perception of COVID-19 affected the anxiety and depression of the students mainly through the mediating effect of attention to negative information. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety was 0. 227, and the mediating effect accounted for 80. 18% of the total effect. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and depression was 0. 228, and the mediating effect accounted for 90. 35% of the total effect. Perceived social support played a moderating role in the last half of this mediating model. Conclusion Risk perception of COVID-19 indirectly affects the occurrence of anxiety and depression in college students through attention to negative information, and perceived social support plays a moderating role in this mediating model. The findings suggest that when a risk event occurs, colleges and universities should pay attention to guiding students to adjust their attentional bias to external information, and give students enough care and support to improve their mental health.Copyright © 2023 Xi'an Medical University. All rights reserved.

NO CSF BIOMARKER EVIDENCE OF PERSISTING CNS INFECTION AFTER SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION

Background: Neurocognitive symptoms are common in acute as well as convalescent (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 [PASC]) COVID-19, but mechanisms of CNS pathogenesis are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker evidence of CNS infection, immune activation and neuronal injury in convalescent compared with acute infection. Method(s): We included 68 (35% female) patients >=18 years with CSF sampled during acute (46), 3-6 months after (22) SARS-CoV-2 infection or both (17), and 20 (70% female) healthy controls from longitudinal studies. The 22 patients sampled only at 3-6 months were recruited in a PASC protocol. CSF N-Ag was analyzed using an ultrasensitive antigen capture immunoassay platform (S-PLEX SARS-CoV-2 N Kit, Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC. Rockville, MD). Additional analyses included CSF beta2-microglobulin (beta2M)], IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha neurofilament light (NfL), and total and phosphorylated tau. Log-transformed CSF biomarkers were compared using ANOVA (Tukey post-hoc test). Result(s): Patients sampled during acute infection had moderate (27) or severe (19) COVID-19. In patients sampled at 3-6 months, corresponding initial severity was 10 (mild), 14 (moderate), and 15 (severe). At 3-6 months, 31/39 patients reported neurocognitive symptoms;8/17 patients also sampled during acute infection reported full recovery after 3-6 months. CSF biomarker results are shown in Figure 1. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was universally undetectable. N-Ag was detectable only during acute infection (32/35) but was undetectable in all follow up and control samples. Significantly higher CSF concentrations of beta2M (p< 0.0001), IFN-gamma (p=0.02), IL-6 (p< 0.0001) and NfL (p=0.04) were seen in acute compared to post-infection. Compared to controls, beta2M (p< .0001), IL-6 (p< 0.0001) and NfL (p=0.005) were significantly higher in acute infection. No biomarker differences were seen post-infection compared with controls. No differences were seen in CSF GFAp, t-tau or p-tau. Conclusion(s): We found no evidence of residual infection (RNA, N-Ag), inflammation (beta2M, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha), astrocyte activity (GFAp) or neuronal injury (NfL, tau) 3-6 months after initial COVID-19, while significantly higher concentrations of several markers were found during acute infection, suggesting that PASC may be a consequence of earlier injury rather than active CNS damage. CSF beta2M, IL-6, IFN-gamma and NfL were significantly lower after 3-6 months than during acute COVID-19 and not different from healthy controls. (Figure Presented).

A Study on Real Estate Purchase Decisions

This study examines the influence of joint information framing and personality traits on housing purchase decisions, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a between-subjects experimental design, we found that negative framing has a stronger impact on purchase decisions for optimistic participants compared with pessimistic ones. Additionally, high-price anchoring has a greater negative effect on purchase intention for pessimists, while low-price anchoring has a stronger positive effect for optimists. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the low-price real estate market has been less severely impacted by the pandemic than the high-price market. The real estate market seeks to minimize information asymmetry to achieve sustainable and healthy development. These results contribute to creating inclusive, safe, and sustainable cities.

Diagnosis and Clinical Management of COVID-19 Infection in Adults: Operational Recommendations of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (2023).

With the adjustment of China's COVID-19 policies and measures, the treatment of infected patients, especially the severe and critically ill patients, has become the focus of all medical staff at this stage. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, Peking Union Medical College Hospital has accumulated rich experience in this field. Based on the updated international evidence-based knowledge, the multidisciplinary expert group of COVID-19 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital has compiled a set of operational recommendations. Adhering to the evidence-based, concise, and clinically operable principles, these recommendations for diagnosis and treatment integrate the latest research evidence. For clinical issues that lack evidence, certain recommendations are given based on the frontline clinical working experience and expert opinions. The purpose is to enhance medical staff's understanding of COVID-19 infection and its critical illness and improve patient care.Copyright © 2023, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All rights reserved.

Supply chain agility as the antecedent to firm sustainability in the post COVID-19

Purpose: COVID-19 has caused critical supply chain problems, especially in sustainable supply chain management, but very few empirical studies have been explored how to improve the firm sustainability through supply chain endeavours such as supply chain agility to manage the impacts of COVID-19. This paper aims to develop a model to incorporate supply chain agility and supply chain relationships that link firm sustainability to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted an online survey and collected 203 valid responses from businesses in the United Arab Emirates, and employed an exploratory factor analysis, mediated regression analysis and structural equation modelling methodology to test the models and hypotheses. Findings: The authors find that the adoption of supply chain agility can improve supply chain relationships and positively impact sustainability. Meanwhile, supply chain relationships partially mediate the relationship between supply chain agility and sustainability. In addition, sustainability mitigates the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains. Originality/value: The results provide fruitful insights and implications for the challenges and uncertainties caused by the pandemic post COVID-19 and provide several directions for further research. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Effects of Yang-style Tai Chi on body composition and heart rate variability during COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese college students: A preliminary study

Background: COVID-19 restrictions have further reduced college students' opportunities for physical activity (PA), and problems related to physical and physiological health of college students have become increasingly serious. Studying the effect of Tai Chi (TC) on body composition and heart rate variability can provide insights into the potential benefits of TC as a form of exercise. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 6-week 24-forms Yang-style Tai Chi (YTC) on body composition and heart rate variability (HRV) among college students. Materials and methods: This single-arm, single-blind, pilot study enrolled 6 beginners from 25 individuals. Body composition and HRV were assessed at the beginning and end of the YTC exercise intervention. The intervention was performed twice a week for 6 weeks, each session lasting 45 minutes and consisting of warming-up, practice, and cooling-down exercises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: After 6-week TC exercise, BMI (21.00±2.61 to 21.20±2.62 kg/m2) barely changed (p>0.05), while body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate showed a significant change (p<0.05). In addition, the high frequency (6.68±0.40 to 7.05±0.50 nu) of heart rate variability had a positive significant increase (p<0.05). Conclusion: The 6-week TC practice had the benefit of improving HRV, such as high-frequency (HF), in college students, but further research is needed to identify the long-term effects of TC on body composition and HRV during the COVID-19 epidemic. © 2023, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University. All rights reserved.

Experimental study of the disinfection performance of a 222-nm Far-UVC upper-room system on airborne microorganisms in a full-scale chamber

222-nm Far-UVC light is an emerging and promising tool for rapidly inactivating airborne pathogens. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the performance of a 222-nm Far-UVC upper-room disinfection system with a 15 W Far-UVC lamp in a full-scale chamber (11.9 m3). One gram-positive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis and two gram-negative bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica were selected for the experiments. The aerosolized bacteria were injected into the chamber and exposed to 222-nm Far-UVC light. The first-order decay rates of indoor bioaerosols concentration with and without Far-UVC treatment were estimated. According to the results, the 222-nm Far-UVC induced decay rates of three bacteria were 0.0611 ± 0.003, 0.409 ± 0.048, and 0.474 ± 0.015 min−1, respectively. Besides, the UV susceptibility constants (Z-values) of these three bacteria were estimated as 0.157, 0.974, and 1.18 m2/J, respectively. The gram-positive bacteria, S. epidermidis, showed higher resistance to Far-UVC light as compared to the gram-negative bacteria, E. coli and S. enterica. In addition, a case study on airborne SARS-CoV-2 indoor transmission was simulated, and the infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 was compared using the Far-UVC and enhanced ventilation approaches. The results showed that both UV inactivation and ventilation approaches can significantly reduce the infection risk. More importantly, the Far-UVC may be a feasible and sustainable solution for reducing infection risk and improving indoor air quality. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Massive-scale genomic analysis reveals SARS-CoV-2 mutation characteristics and evolutionary trends

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in significant societal costs. Hence, an in-depth understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virus mutation and its evolution will help determine the direction of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we identified 296,728 de novo mutations in more than 2,800,000 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes. All possible factors affecting the mutation frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in human hosts were analyzed, including zinc finger antiviral proteins, sequence context, amino acid change, and translation efficiency. As a result, we proposed that when adenine (A) and tyrosine (T) bases are in the context of AM (M stands for adenine or cytosine) or TA motif, A or T base has lower mutation frequency. Furthermore, we hypothesized that translation efficiency can affect the mutation frequency of the third position of the codon by the selection, which explains why SARS-CoV-2 prefers AT3 codons usage. In addition, we found a host-specific asymmetric dinucleotide mutation frequency in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, which provides a new basis for determining the origin of the SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we summarize all possible factors affecting mutation frequency and provide insights into the mutation characteristics and evolutionary trends of SARS-CoV-2. © 2022 The Authors. mLife published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. on behalf of Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Investigation of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analysis of influencing factors.

Objective To understand the status of COVID-19 vaccination among elderly adults in long-term care facilities and analyze the influencing factors so as to provide scientific basis for improving the policy of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods The socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related data, disability, and COVID-19 vaccination status of 575 elderly adults who resided in long-term care facilities in Shaanxi Province were collected via Sojumpin in January 2022. Factors that affected non-vaccinated elderly adults were analyzed by using the SPSS 25.0 software. Results Of the included 575 participants, 199 (34. 6%) were not vaccinated against COVID-19. Univariate analysis showed that COVID-19 vaccination was associated with age, room type, length of stay, marital status, number of children, chronic diseases (i.e., diabetes, stroke, dementia), disability degree, and long-term medication use. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of 90 years or above (OR =4. 25), triple room (OR = 6.17), moderate disability (OR = 2. 94), severe disability (OR =6. 67), long-term medication use (OR = 1.81), and stroke (OR =1. 74) were independent risk factors for not injecting COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate of elderly adults in long-term care facilities needs to be improved, and more attention should be paid to the high-risk groups (e.g., who are older, and have disability, long-term medication use, or stroke).Copyright © 2023 Xi'an Medical University. All rights reserved.

Relationship of college students' risk perception of COVID-19 and their anxiety and depression: A moderated mediation model

Objective To explore the effects of perceived risk of COVID-19 of college students on their anxiety and depression, as well as the roles of attention to negative information and perceived social support, so as to provide theoretical basis for colleges and universities to formulate corresponding intervention measures. Methods By the convenience sampling method, totally 1 404 college students from Shaanxi and Henan provinces were investigated online by using General Information Questionnaire, Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Pandemic Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Perceived Social Support Scale. SPSS 20. 0 was used for data analysis, Pearson correlation method was used to explore the correlation between variables. The mediating effect of attention to negative information and the moderating effect of perceived social support were analyzed by PROCESS. Results The scores of anxiety and depression of the 1 404 college students included in the study were 4.03 ± 4.48 and 6.21 ± 5.41, respectively. The detection rate of anxiety symptom was 29.9%, and that of depression symptom was 44.4%. The risk perception of COVID-19 epidemic of the college students was positively correlated with attention to negative information (r = 0.373, P<0.001), anxiety (r = 0.227, P<0.001), and depression (r = 0.226, P<0.001). Anxiety (r = 0.553, P<0.001) and depression 0 = 0.497, P<0.001) were positively correlated with attention to negative information, while perceived social support was negatively correlated with the risk perception of the COVID-19 (r = - 0.154, P<0.001), attention to negative information (r= - 0.259, P<0.001), anxiety (r = - 0.321, P<0.001) and depression (r=- 0.278, P<0.001). The risk perception of COVID-19 affected the anxiety and depression of the students mainly through the mediating effect of attention to negative information. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and anxiety was 0. 227, and the mediating effect accounted for 80. 18% of the total effect. The total effect of risk perception of COVID-19 and depression was 0. 228, and the mediating effect accounted for 90. 35% of the total effect. Perceived social support played a moderating role in the last half of this mediating model. Conclusion Risk perception of COVID-19 indirectly affects the occurrence of anxiety and depression in college students through attention to negative information, and perceived social support plays a moderating role in this mediating model. The findings suggest that when a risk event occurs, colleges and universities should pay attention to guiding students to adjust their attentional bias to external information, and give students enough care and support to improve their mental health. © 2023 Xi'an Medical University. All rights reserved.

[The predictive value of warning scores for intensive care unit admission in coronavirus disease 2019 patients].

To evaluate the predictive value of early warning scores for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Shijiazhuang People's Hospital from January 2021 to February 2021, national early warning score (NEWS), national early warning score 2 (NEWS2), rapid emergency medicine score (REMS), quick sepsis-related organ failure (qSOFA), altered consciousness, blood urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age-65 (CURB-65) were used to evaluate the inpatient condition and the predictive value for ICU admission. A total of 368 patients were included, and 32 patients (8.7%) were transferred to the ICU. The median age was 49.0 (34.0,61.0) years. The scores of NEWS, NEWS2, REMS, and CURB-65 were 1 (0, 2), 1 (0, 2), 4 (2, 6) and 0 (0, 1), respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cure (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive value in detecting patients who are at risk of being transferred to the ICU. Area under the ROC AUC of NEWS was 0.756, sensitivity 65.6%, and specificity 71.3%. ROC AUC of NEWS2 was 0.732, sensitivity 62.5%, and specificity 61.3%. ROC AUC of REMS was 0.787, sensitivity 84.4%, and specificity 64.6%. ROC AUC of CURB-65 was 0.814, sensitivity 81.3%, and specificity 76.8%. The predictive value of NEWS and NEWS2 combined with age were significantly improved. The ROC AUC of NEWS combined with age was 0.885, sensitivity 85.1%, and specificity 75.0%. The ROC AUC of NEWS2 combined with age was 0.883, sensitivity 84.2%, and specificity 75.0%. NEWS and NEWS2 combined with age can be used as a predictive tool for whether COVID-19 patients will be admitted to the ICU.

The performance evaluation of pleated electret filters enhanced by electrostatic enhanced method

The filtration efficiency deterioration over operating time due to exposure to particles, organic solvents and other factors is an obvious defect of electret filter, especially during the coronavirus pandemic. Electrostatic enhanced method has been proposed as a promising way to improve the filtration efficiency and service time of electret filters without increasing the pressure drop. In this work, the effect of discharge electrode structure and operation mode of the electrostatic enhanced structure(EES) on the filtration efficiency of commercial pleated electret filters were studied firstly, then the EES was installed in a special designed prototype air purifier, two key indicators of air purifiers(clean air delivery rate (CADR) and cumulate clean mass (CCM)) were tested to evaluate the actual performance improvement of electret filters by the electrostatic enhanced method. It was found that the discharge electrode structure had significant influence on the filtration efficiency and multi-wire array electrode was more suitable for the discharge electrode to pleated filter to ground mesh structure used in this paper. The decayed electrostatic charges of pleated electret filter cannot be recharged again through the EES in actual operation condition. The filtration efficiency improvement of the test pleated electret filters was dominantly contributed by particle charging. The filter polarizing induced by the external electric field was helpful in increasing the filtration efficiency when the particles were charged while its effect on uncharged particles was almost negligible. Besides, the actual performance of the prototype air purifier indicated that the EES can alleviate the filtration efficiency deterioration of test electret filters and extend the service life of H11 and H13 filters by more than 3 and 1.5 times respectively according to the CCM test results. © 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Evaluating the Mobile Learning Quality for Promoting the User Needs in Taiwanese Higher Education During COVID-19

This study explores the strategic issues related to the mobile learning quality in Taiwanese higher education during the COVID-19 pandemics. While much previous study determined the factors affecting mobile learning quality, seldom research works discussed the influence weights of the elements and their interrelations in the higher education through a comprehensive view. Hence, the purpose of this research is to explore the interrelationships and feedback between the factors affecting mobile learning quality via a combined multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) method, which will include decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), and DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) approaches. This recommended approach can offer guidance to prioritize the influence elements in the enhancement plans for mobile learning quality. This research uses the recommended approach in the higher education in Taiwan as an empirical study during COVID-19. These findings results state which service quality needs to be enhanced primarily, and learning ability is the most important factor influencing mobile learning quality during COVID-19. Furthermore, the results show that system quality perspective has the strongest impact on the relations and it also has an important effect on other perspectives. The results can provide guidance on assigning resources of limit to improve this mobile learning quality in Taiwanese higher education in the COVID-19 pandemics. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.

SITUATED COGNITION 360degree EDITOR 2021: A SOLUTION FOR INTERACTIVE MEDICAL TRAINING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD

Imagine entering an operating theatre or developing clinical skills in empathy and communication through Virtual Reality. To enhance the experience of learning novel methods using VR have been researched and simulated for clinicians. This is because some aspects of clinical training, like conducting procedures and effective team communication focus on 'learning by doing' which is difficult to recreate remotely. Here we present a proof-of-concept prototype of a 360degree-video editor that augments 360degree videos with media to create a mixed reality learning experience. Method An editor was built inside Unity to augment 360degree- videos of real-world scenarios in healthcare with interactive data. Unity is a cross-platform games engine used to create two-dimension three-dimension virtual reality and augmented reality games as well as video players to play panoramic 360degree-videos. The video player is attached to a Render Texture and a Skybox material that provides the spherical surface for the 360degree-video achieving an immersive experience. Results The editor comprises two software packages one for the trainer another for the learner. As a unique feature we introduce clickable Hotspots. This enables users to annotate the 360degree film by tagging specific artefacts in the environment and create a place-based interaction. These Hotspots are anchored to a position and can display text and images and form part of a novel branched timeline of nested data. The intention being the trainer would create the film and annotate the environment with interactive media. This would then be available to the learner who would use the player to view a bespoke teaching package. Conclusion Situated Cognition 360 Editor 2021 envisages trainers creating interactive 360degree-video learning experiences using real life scenarios in healthcare. Future steps involve user experience evaluations co-design and development of new learner interactions that deliver low cost remote and easily deployed healthcare education through immersive learning environments.

Influences of Use of Flipped Classroom Models on the Learning Outcomes of Students Majoring in Road and Bridge Engineering Technology

The new "Internet+” teaching mode during the COVID-19 pandemic has guaranteed the smooth learning progress of university students in China. High-efficiency reconstruction of time and space for knowledge teaching and internalization based on informationalized teaching mean is an important approach to online learning. A flipped classroom is a teaching mode that is formed through bottom-up exploration. Combined with teaching practical situations, the flipped classroom realizes the transformation from the teacher-centered mode to the student-oriented mode successfully and has important value to the teaching of professional core courses, which are difficult to be learned. In this study, 80 freshmen majoring in Road and Bridge Engineering Technology at Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute in Henan Province of China were selected as research objects, and Road Survey Design and Lofting was chosen as the teaching course. Under these circumstances, a teaching experiment comparison was designed. The experimental group used flipped classroom technology based on Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) motivation model theory, while the control group used the traditional teaching mode. Research results demonstrate that before the experiment, the learning outcomes of two groups in Road Survey Design and Lofting were basically consistent (P=0.908>0.05) without obvious differences. After finishing the experiment, the post-test results of the control group have not improved significantly compared with the pre-test results (P=0.0938>0.05). However, the post-test results of the experimental group have improved significantly compared with the pretest results (P < 0.001). The average scores of the experimental group are far higher than that of the control group, thus indicating the evident progress of the experimental group. Noticeable differences in the post-test results between the experimental group and the control group are observed (P < 0.001). The research results are of great significance to enriching the teaching mode of core application courses for engineering majors in university, as they provide evidence that the flipped classroom increases the learning interests and motivation of students and demonstrate the teaching effect of flipped classroom technology in universities © 2023, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning.All Rights Reserved.